Alaskan Native
who are the alaskan native indians.?
Alaska’s Native people are divided into over 200 villages in five regions. All are federally recognized by the US Government except five tlingit villages who were left out of the Alaska native Claims settlement. Those are Haines, Ketchikan, Petersburg, Wrangell and Tenakee.
Alaskan Eskimo groups were subdivided into territorial groups, or “societies,” which at the local level comprised a number of smaller associations of extended family groups, or bands. The location and composition of modern villages and communities often reflect these traditional territorial associations, although the history of interaction with commercial whalers, traders, missionaries, and government schoolteachers is also a factor.
GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS
Athabascan (Dena)
There are eleven linguistic groups of Athabascans in Alaska. Athabascan people have traditionally lived along five major river ways: the Yukon, the Tanana, the Susitna, the Kuskokwim, and the Copper river drainages.
Athabascan
Yup’ik & Cup’ik
The southwest Alaska Natives are named after the two main dialects of the Yup’ik language, known as Yup’ik and Cup’ik.
Cup’ik
Yup’ik
Inupiaq & St. Lawrence Island Yupik
The Inupiaq and the St. Lawrence Island Yupik People, or “Real People,” are still hunting and gathering societies. They continue to subsist on the land and sea of north and northwest Alaska. Their lives continue to evolve around the whale, walrus, seal, polar bear, caribou and fish.
Inupiaq
Inupiaq Dictionary
Bering Strait Inupiat
Interior North Inupiat (Nunamiut, people of the land)
Kotzebue Sound Inupiat
North Alaska Coast Inupiat (Tareumiut, people of the sea)
St. Lawrence Island Yupik
Aleut & Alutiiq
The Aleut and Alutiiq peoples are south and southwest Alaska. The Aleut and Alutiiq cultures were heavily influenced by the Russians, beginning in the 18th century. The Orthodox Church is prominent in every village, Russian dishes are made using local subsistence food, and Russian words are part of common vocabulary although two languages, Unangax and Sugcestun, are the indigenous languages. The territory of the Aleut and Alutiiq stretches from Prince William Sound to the end of the Aleutian Islands. There are also over 300 Aleuts in Nikolskoye on Bering Island, Russia.
Aleut
Stretching like a rocky necklace from Asia to North America, the Aleutian Islands and the nearby Alaska Peninsula are the home of the Unangan,”the original people.” The term “Aleut” was introduced by Russians and comes originally from the Koryak or Chukchi languages of Siberia. It is believed that the Aleut were divided into nine named subdivisions.
Native Village of Akhiok (Russian-Aleut)
Alutiiq
Chugachmiut or Chugach of the Prince William Sound area
Unegkurmiut of the lower Kenai Peninsula
Koniagmiut or Koniag of the Kodiak Island and Alaska Peninsula
Eyak, Tlingit, Haida & Tsimshian
The Eyak, Tlingit, Haida and Tsimshian share a common and similar Northwest Coast Culture with important differences in language and clan system. Anthropologists use the term “Northwest Coast Culture” to define the Eyak, Tlingit, Haida and Tsimshian cultures, as well as that of other peoples indigenous to the Pacific coast, extending as far as northern Oregon. The Eyak, Tlingit, Haida and Tsimshian have a complex social system consisting of moieties, phratries and clans. Eyak, Tlingit and Haida divide themselves into moieties, while the Tsimshian divide into phratries. Although these four groups are neighbors, their spoken languages are not mutually intelligible.
Eyak
Eyak occupied the lands in the southeastern corner of Southcentral Alaska. Their territory runs along the Gulf of Alaska from the Copper River Delta to Icy Bay. Oral tradition tells us that the Eyak moved down from the interior of Alaska via the Copper River or over the Bering Glacier. Until the 18th century, the Eyak were more closely associated with their Athabascan neighbors to the north than the North Coast Cultures.
Haida
The original homeland of the Haida people is the Queen Charlotte Islands in British Columbia, Canada. Prior to contact with Europeans, a group migrated north to the Prince of Wales Island area within Alaska. This group is known as the “Kaigani” or Alaska Haidas. Today, the Kaigani Haida live mainly in two villages, Kasaan and the consolidated village of Hydaburg.
Tlingit
Traditional Tlingit territory in Alaska includes the Southeast panhandle between Icy Bay in the north to the Dixon Entrance in the south. Tlingit people have also occupied the area to the east inside the Canadian border. This group is known as the “Inland Tlingit”. The Tlingits have occupied this territory, for a very long time. The western scientific date is of 10,000 years, while the Native version is “since time immemorial.”
Tlingit Dictionary of Nouns
Tlingit Dictionary of Verbs
Tsimshian
The original homeland of the Tsimshian is between the Nass and Skeena Rivers in British Columbia, Canada, though at contact in Southeast Alaska’s Portland Canal area, there were villages at Hyder and Halibut Bay. Presently in Alaska, the Tsimshian live mainly on Annette Island, in (New) Metlakatla, Alaska in addition to settlements in Canada.
Alaskan Native thoughts on climate change
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